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Russia has held at least 6,000 children from Ukraine in camps aimed at re-education in what could constitute a war crime, a US study said Tuesday.

Since the start of the war nearly a year ago, children as young as four months have been taken to 43 camps across Russia, including in Moscow-annexed Crimea and Siberia, for 'pro-Russia patriotic and military-related education,' said the report by the Yale Humanitarian Research Lab that was funded by the US State Department.

Nathaniel Raymond, a Yale researcher, said that Russia was in 'clear violation' of the Fourth Geneva Convention on the treatment of civilians during war and called the report a 'gigantic Amber alert' - referring to US public notices of child abductions.